The Rover

Welcome readers ! This blog is written in response to the thinking activity given by megha ma'am - Department of English, MKBU. The topic of my blog is Thinking activities in the question is

1. Angellica considers the financial negotiations that one makes before marrying a prospective bride the same as prostitution. Do you agree?

Ans.     I don't agree with Angellica because financial negotiations before marriage are about talking and agreeing on money and property matters legally and with both people's consent. On the other hand, prostitution is when someone gets paid money for sex, and this is against the law in many areas. So, these two things are not the same at all.


 2.   “All women together ought to let flowers fall upon the tomb of Aphra Behn, for it was she who earned them the right to speak their minds.” Virginia Woolf said so in ‘A Room of One’s Own’. Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer with reference to your reading of the play ‘The Rover’.


Virginia Woolf's statement is a tribute to Aphra Behn, recognizing her as a trailblazer who helped women express themselves. "The Rover" is indeed one of Behn's notable works that challenges traditional gender roles. In the play, female characters like Hellena and Florinda display wit, independence, and a desire for love and freedom, which was unconventional in their time.

Aphra Behn's works contributed to women having a voice in literature, and she defied societal norms. Whether you agree with Woolf's statement depends on your perspective. Some see Behn's work as empowering women, while others may consider the limitations and complexities in her representation of gender. Overall, Woolf's statement acknowledges Behn's role in women's literary history, but it's important to consider the broader context of her work and its impact on women's rights and expression.


3. Which female character best represents the playwright, Aphra Behn? Consider the characteristics and beliefs of each female character, and make an argument that relates these distinctive attributes to what you know about Behn.

In "The Rover" by Aphra Behn, the character best representing the playwright herself is Hellena.

Here's why:

Independence: Hellena is strong-willed and independent, just like Aphra Behn. Behn was an independent woman who made a living through writing, defying the norms of her time when women had limited opportunities.

Cleverness: Hellena is witty and clever, using her intelligence to navigate challenges. Behn was known for her sharp wit and intelligence in her writing, much like her character.

Defiance of Gender Roles: Hellena defies traditional gender roles and pursues her own desires. Aphra Behn's works often challenged gender norms and portrayed strong, assertive women who sought their own paths.

Social Commentary: Aphra Behn used her writing to comment on society, and Hellena's character in "The Rover" reflects broader social and gender dynamics. Behn's plays often contained commentary on social issues, just as Hellena's story reflects the society of the time.

In summary, Hellena's characteristics and beliefs in "The Rover" align with what we know about Aphra Behn, making her the character that best represents the playwright in the context of the play.

thinking activity :

This blog is written as part of thinking activity assigned by DR DILIP BARAD SIR on thinking activity   :  

1) What is the significance of epigraph written by Hardy - 'Letter Killeth' - for this novel, Jude the Obscure

The epigraph "Letter Killeth" in Thomas Hardy's novel "Jude the Obscure" is a warning about the potential harm that rigid beliefs, rules, and societal expectations can cause. In simpler terms, it means that blindly following established norms and traditions can lead to destruction.

In the context of the novel, this epigraph is a hint that the characters in the story will face difficulties and suffering because they try to break free from the strict rules and conventions of their society. It emphasizes that sticking too closely to these rules can have negative consequences.

So, the epigraph "Letter Killeth" is like a signpost that tells readers to pay attention to how the characters in the novel challenge societal norms and traditions, often with tragic results. It underlines the theme of how strict adherence to societal expectations can be destructive.



2) Is it possible to connect the meaning of the epigraph of 'Esdras' at the beginning of the first chapter of the novel and the myth of Bhasmasur?


The epigraph from 'Esdras' at the beginning of the first chapter of a novel can be connected to the myth of Bhasmasur.

The epigraph in a book often sets the tone or hints at a key theme. In the case of 'Esdras,' it typically refers to a book in the Old Testament that deals with religious themes, which may suggest that the novel could explore religious or moral ideas.

The myth of Bhasmasur, on the other hand, is a Hindu myth where a character gains the power to turn anyone into ashes by touching their head. This myth conveys a powerful message about the consequences of unchecked power and desires.

In a novel, the epigraph from 'Esdras' might be connected to the Bhasmasur myth in the sense that it could signal themes of power, consequences, or moral dilemmas. The novel may explore how power or desires can lead to destructive outcomes, similar to the myth of Bhasmasur where the power has a harmful effect.

So, while the epigraph and the Bhasmasur myth come from different religious and cultural backgrounds, they could be related in the way they both explore the impact of power and desires on individuals, which might be a theme in the novel.

3) Any one of the following along with the above given two points to ponder.
(i) Structure of the Novel 'Jude the Obscure'
(ii)Research Article - Symbolic Indictment of Christianity - Norman Holland Jr. | Uni. of California
(iii) Research Article - Bildungsroman & Jude the Obscure - Frank R. Giordano Jr. | John Hopkins Uni


Let's consider point (ii) and point (iii) in connection with the earlier discussion about the epigraph in "Jude the Obscure."

(ii) "Symbolic Indictment of Christianity" by Norman Holland Jr.: Norman Holland's research article likely explores how Thomas Hardy's novel "Jude the Obscure" may symbolically criticize or challenge elements of Christianity. Given that the epigraph in the novel alludes to religious themes, it's possible that this research discusses how Hardy uses the story and characters to critique or symbolically indict certain aspects of Christian beliefs or practices. This could be related to the epigraph's warning against rigid beliefs and rules.

(iii) "Bildungsroman & Jude the Obscure" by Frank R. Giordano Jr.: A "Bildungsroman" is a novel that focuses on the moral and psychological growth of the main character. In connection with the epigraph, Frank R. Giordano Jr.'s research article might delve into how the epigraph's message ties into the coming-of-age or personal development of the characters in the novel. It could discuss how the characters in "Jude the Obscure" are influenced by or react to the societal norms and religious constraints mentioned in the epigraph, and how this affects their personal growth.

So, by connecting these two research articles with the epigraph, you can explore how the novel critiques Christianity and how it relates to the characters' personal development in the context of societal norms and religious constraints.

let's delve into the research article "Symbolic Indictment of Christianity" by Norman Holland Jr. from the University of California.

This research article likely explores how the novel "Jude the Obscure" by Thomas Hardy might criticize or symbolically condemn certain aspects of Christianity. In simple terms, it means the article looks at how the book could be suggesting that some Christian beliefs or practices are being portrayed in a negative way.

In the novel, there are elements that might be seen as challenging traditional Christian values and morals. This research article aims to understand and discuss those elements. It could examine how the characters, events, or themes in the novel might be questioning or critiquing Christian ideas or institutions.

So, this article adds to our discussion by considering the novel's potential criticism of Christianity and how that might be a significant theme or element in "Jude the Obscure."

A tale of tub

Welcome readers ! This blog is written in response to the thinking activity given by Vaidaihi ma'am - Department of English, MKBU. The topic of my blog is Thinking activities in the question is

H1.) How far do you think Digression is necessary?

The importance of going off-topic, or digressing, depends on what you're trying to do. Sometimes, it can be helpful, and other times, it might not be.

Imagine you're telling a story. If you want to explain something important or interesting, it's okay to go off-topic for a bit. But if you wander too far from the main point, people might get confused or bored.

So, the key is balance. Digression can be useful when it serves a purpose, like giving more information or making something funnier. But too much can make things messy. It's like adding a little spice to your cooking – a pinch can make it better, but too much can ruin the dish



2. any one movie/web series/song/poem/novel which talks about the sensitive topic like religion. Write in brief about it and explain what kind questions are raised through that work.



"Life of Pi" is about a young man named Pi who survives a shipwreck and ends up on a small boat in the ocean with a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker. He has to find a way to stay alive, and he also explores his beliefs in different religions while facing many challenges. It's a story of survival, faith, and self-discovery in the middle of the vast ocean.


"Life of Pi" is a 2012 film directed by Ang Lee and based on the 2001 novel of the same name by Yann Martel. Here are some key details about the movie:

Director: Ang Lee Screenplay: David Magee Producers: Gil Netter, Ang Lee, and David Womark Distributor: 20th Century Fox Release Date: The film was released in 2012.

Cast:Suraj Sharma as Pi Patel (young Pi)
Irrfan Khan as Pi Patel (adult Pi)
Adil Hussain as Santosh Patel (Pi's father)
Tabu as Gita Patel (Pi's mother)
Rafe Spall as Yann Martel (the author)
Gerard Depardieu as the Cook

Ayush Tandon as Ravi Patel (Pi's older brother)
Gautam Belur and Vibish Sivakumar as Pi Patel (5 years old)
Shravanthi Sainath as Anandi (Pi's girlfriend)

Summary: The film tells the story of Pi Patel, a young Indian man who survives a shipwreck and finds himself stranded on a lifeboat in the Pacific Ocean with a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker. Pi must find a way to survive and endure this extraordinary and perilous journey. Along the way, he explores themes of faith, belief, and the human spirit.

 Movie link  

click here

"Life of Pi" received critical acclaim for its stunning visuals and was praised for its thought-provoking narrative. It won several awards, including four Academy Awards, and was lauded for its use of 3D technology to create a visually immersive experience


"Life of Pi" was highly praised for its breathtaking visuals, deep storyline, and its pioneering use of 3D technology. It won four Academy Awards and garnered critical acclaim for its artistic and immersive cinematic experience.


Questions Raised in "Life of Pi":

Religion and Faith:
The film explores Pi's embrace of multiple religions, including Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam. It raises questions about how an individual can practice multiple faiths and the role of religion in providing comfort and meaning in the face of adversity.


Belief and Reality:
Throughout the story, there are contrasting accounts of Pi's ordeal, one involving the animals on the lifeboat and another without them. This leads to questions about the nature of belief and the subjective interpretation of reality. Viewers are prompted to consider whether the extraordinary events were real or a product of Pi's imagination.


Survival and Morality:
Pi's struggle for survival on the lifeboat poses moral dilemmas, such as killing to eat and the ethical implications of his actions. The film raises questions about the boundaries of morality when one's life is at stake and the complex choices that people might make under extreme circumstances.


Human-Animal Relationship:
The relationship between Pi and the tiger, Richard Parker, is central to the story. This raises questions about the nature of human-animal relationships, the boundaries between them, and the transformative power of such connections.

Symbolism and Allegory:
"Life of Pi" is rich in symbolism and allegory, inviting viewers to interpret the story in various ways. It prompts questions about the role of symbolism in storytelling and how it can convey deeper meanings and truths.


"Life of Pi" is an exciting movie that makes you think about religion, faith, survival, and what it means to be human. It makes you wonder about how people believe in things, what they have faith in, and how they survive tough times. It's all wrapped up in a fantastic and visually stunning adventure.

Thanks for Reading...............

Gabriel Rossetti

Gabriel Rossetti

              "Gabriel Rossetti was a special person who could both draw beautiful pictures and write lovely poems. He was like an artist and a poet all in one!"

Introduction : 

• Dante Gabriel Rossetti was born on May 12, 1828, in London, England.
• His parents were originally from Italy.
• His father, Gabriele Rossetti, was an Italian political refugee.
• His mother, Frances Polidori, was the sister of Lord Byron's physician.
• He grew up in a family that loved literature and the arts.
• This early exposure to culture and creativity influenced him.
• Rossetti's mixed Italian and English heritage shaped his artistic interests.
• These early experiences provided the foundation for his later work as a renowned artist and poet.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti went to the Royal Academy of Arts in 1844 to learn more about art. But, he quickly got disappointed because they had strict and boring ways of teaching art. So, he, along with some friends who felt the same way, like William Holman Hunt and John Everett Millais, started something new in 1848. They formed a group called the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (PRB) to make art that was different from what the Academy was teaching. This was a big moment in his life, and it changed the art world.

His notable works:

The Blessed Damozel" (poem and painting)

"Beata Beatrix" (painting)

"Proserpine" (painting)

"The Girlhood of Mary Virgin" (painting)

"Ecce Ancilla Domini!" (painting)

"The House of Life" (a series of sonnets)

"Lady Lilith" (painting)

"The Day Dream" (painting)

"The Woodman's Daughter" (ballad and poem)

"Sister Helen" (poem)

"The Blessed Damozel" (Poem and Painting): A captivating fusion of poetry and painting, illustrating Rossetti's unique artistic talents.

The poem was partially inspired by Edgar Allan Poe's poem "The Raven",[2] with its depiction of a lover grieving on Earth over the death of his loved one. Rossetti chose to represent the situation in reverse. The poem describes the damozel observing her lover from heaven, and her unfulfilled yearning for their reunion in heaven. The first four stanzas of the poem are inscribed on the frame of the painting:

The blessed damozel leaned out

From the gold bar of Heaven;

Her eyes were deeper than the depth

Of waters stilled at even;

She had three lilies in her hand,

And the stars in her hair were seven.

Her robe, ungirt from clasp to hem,

No wrought flowers did adorn,

But a white rose of Mary's gift,

For service meetly worn;

Her hair that lay along her back

Was yellow like ripe corn.

Herseemed she scarce had been a day

One of God's choristers;

The wonder was not yet quite gone

From that still look of hers;

Albeit, to them she left, her day

Had counted as ten years.

(To one, it is ten years of years.

. . . Yet now, and in this place,

Surely she leaned o'er me—her hair

Fell all about my face. . . .

Nothing: the autumn fall of leaves.

The whole year sets apace.)[1]

For whole poem 

Link here. https://englishverse.com/

"The Blessed Damozel" is a poem by Dante Gabriel Rossetti that tells the story of a woman who has passed away and now resides in heaven. She longs to be reunited with her lover on Earth and the poem explores themes of love, longing, and the separation between the earthly and heavenly realms. It's known for its vivid imagery and evocative language, with the Damozel yearning for her beloved from the golden bars of heaven.

"Beata Beatrix" (Painting): A renowned painting that reflects Rossetti's skill in capturing moments of beauty and spirituality.

"Proserpine" (Painting): Another visually striking work that showcases his artistic prowess.

"The Girlhood of Mary Virgin" (Painting): A painting that explores themes of spirituality and the innocence of youth.

"Ecce Ancilla Domini!" (Painting): An artwork that captures a moment of biblical significance.

"The House of Life" (Series of Sonnets): A captivating series of sonnets delving into themes of love and existence.

"Lady Lilith" (Painting): An example of Rossetti's artistic mastery and ability to depict timeless beauty.

"The Day Dream" (Painting): A work that reflects his talent for creating visually enchanting compositions.

"The Woodman's Daughter" (Ballad and Poem): A literary work that adds depth to his creative portfolio.

"Sister Helen" (Poem): A poem that contributes to his rich literary legacy.

he also wrote poems. His poems were a lot like his paintings – they had symbols and deep thoughts in them. He became famous for a collection of his poems called "The House of Life." His poems were really special and had a lot of meaning in them, just like his art.

  His art

"Gabriel Rossetti was really good at making paintings. His paintings were like stories, and they often talked about old stories and love. He liked to use lots of bright colors and made sure to add many tiny things in his art to make it special."

"Gabriel Rossetti also wrote lots of poems. His poems were about love, beauty, and magic. One of his most famous poems is 'Goblin Market.' It's a story about two sisters and some clever goblins."

Love and Relationships: 

Gabriel Rossetti's love life was quite puzzling. He deeply loved a lady named Elizabeth Siddal, and they eventually got married. His strong emotions for Elizabeth became a big source of inspiration for many of his beautiful poems and paintings.

Influence: 

Gabriel Rossetti's work still has a strong impact on artists and writers today. Many people admire his art and poems. His creative ideas and unique style play a significant role in the history of art. People continue to find inspiration in his work, making him an important figure in the world of creativity and imagination, even after all these years.

You can see here About the poet YouTube video 

Conclusion:

Gabriel Rossetti was a remarkable person who could do two amazing things – create beautiful pictures and write lovely poems. His artwork was like telling stories with colors and details. Many of his paintings were about old legends and love, and he used lots of bright, beautiful colors to make them special.

Gabriel also wrote many poems, and his words talked about love, beauty, and magic. One of his most famous poems, "Goblin Market," is a story about two sisters and some clever goblins. It's still loved by people today.

Even though many years have passed, Gabriel Rossetti's work still has a strong influence on artists and writers. Many people, from all around the world, admire his art and poems. His ideas and unique style have a special place in the history of art. They keep inspiring people to this day, making him an important figure in the world of creativity and imagination.

Thanks for visiting..

Pride and prejudice

Welcome readers ! This blog is written in response to the thinking activity given by Megha ma'am - Department of English, MKBU. The topic of my blog 

1.Compare the narrative strategy of the novel and movie

Novel: Movie: Narrator: It uses words to tell the story and shares what characters are thinking and feeling. It uses images and spoken words, and it's harder to show what characters think and feel inside. Character Stories: It explains the characters' thoughts and backgrounds in detail. It has limited time, so it often simplifies the characters' stories. Dialogue and Subtext: It has detailed conversations with hidden meanings and thoughts. It relies on what characters say and how they act to show their feelings. Pacing: It can take its time to tell the story. It must be faster and sometimes leaves out parts of the story. Visuals: It uses what you see on the screen, like costumes and scenery, to show the story. Imagination  Director's Vision: Different directors may interpret the story differently in their adaptations. Author always create a new story  Engagement: It lets you use your imagination to picture the characters and settings. Movie: It provides a visual interpretation, so you don't have to imagine as much.

In simple terms, the novel and the movie versions of "Pride and Prejudice" use different ways to tell the same story. The novel goes deep into characters' thoughts, while the movies rely on what you see and hear on the screen, making them quicker but with some limitations. Each has its strengths and weaknesses.

2)  Write an illustration of the society of Jane Austen's time. 

In Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice," people lived in a time when society was very focused on class and manners. The rich upper-class people, like Mr. Darcy and Mr. Bingley, lived in big, fancy houses and went to elegant parties. They thought a lot about who they would marry because it could help their social standing and money

The less wealthy folks, like the Bennet family, had a harder time. They worried about marrying well too, but they didn't have as much money. They had to follow lots of rules about how to behave and what was proper.


In this society, how you acted and who you married were really important. It was a time when people cared a lot about appearances and the rules of society. 

3) What if Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth never got together? What if Lydia's elopement had a different outcome? Explore the consequences of these changes and write alternative endings to the novel.

If Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Never Got Together:

 The central love story would change. Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth would not end up together, and we wouldn't see their love grow.

 Elizabeth might marry someone else, maybe Mr. Collins. Mr. Darcy could marry Miss Bingley or someone else.

Mr. Darcy's help for the Bennet family would remain, but not with romantic love involved

The relationships among other characters, like Jane and Mr. Bingley, might stay the same or go differently without Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy's influence.

 The story might focus more on arranged marriages, societal expectations, and money in marriage.

If Lydia's Elopement Had a Different Outcome:

If Lydia's elopement became known without Mr. Darcy's help, the Bennet family's name would be ruined.

People would avoid the Bennets, as they would be seen as disgraceful, especially because Lydia eloped without marrying.

The family would be poor, as they wouldn't have Mr. Darcy's support since he's connected to Elizabeth.

 Lydia would have a hard time finding a husband and might face challenges.

New Focus: The story might focus on consequences of actions and how important social reputation was at the time.

In these new endings, the love story changes, and the consequences of Lydia's actions become a central theme in the story.

"Pamela's Journey in Contemporary Times: Navigating Life with Technology"

Welcome readers ! This blog is written in response to the thinking activity given by vaidaihi ma'am - Department of English, MKBU. The topic of my blog is Thinking activities in the question is

If Pamela was in the contemporary time, will the story take any changes?

"Pamela's Journey in Contemporary Times: Navigating Life with Technology"

In a calm neighborhood, there was a young woman named Pamela Andrews. She was smart and worked as a receptionist at a big tech company. One day, something surprising happened, similar to what happened in a very old story.

Pamela's story in today's world highlights her resilience and how she used technology to combat wrongdoing. It underscores the importance of speaking up against workplace problems, showing that anyone, with courage and support, can overcome challenges and achieve success.

Pamela is good with technology. She saves all the unkind messages and comments as proof. She also talks to her friends and family, and they encourage her to speak up about the bad behavior and get help from the law.

A lot of people are talking about it because the company is starting to pay attention to the problem. They create new rules to solve this problem in the future. Constantly canvassing her friends and people on the internet to achieve her goals

Social pressure on girl in olden times :

Limited Education: Education opportunities for girls were often limited, with many focusing on household skills.

Marriage at a Young Age: Marrying young was common, with many girls starting families early in life.

Less Freedom: They had fewer freedoms and opportunities for independent living and career pursuits.

Social Pressure: Social expectations played a significant role in their life choices, including conforming to societal norms.

Less Access to Information: Access to information was limited, with fewer resources for personal growth and development.

Today's girls 

Independent: They value self-reliance and make their own decisions.

Focused on Education and Career: Prioritizing education and career goals, they aspire to achieve their professional ambitions.

Delaying Marriage: Many choose to marry later in life, focusing on personal growth and independence before settling down

 Limited Rights: In the 18th century, women had fewer rights, so being promiscuous could lead to even more discomfort and vulnerability.

In the end, Pamela's struggle for fairness and justice turns out well. Mr. B faces consequences for his inappropriate actions, which is a lesson that bad behavior should not be tolerated. Pamela, with her determination and support from friends and the online community, emerges as a strong individual. She not only excels in her job but also

This blog is written as part of thinking activity assigned by DR DILIP BARAD SIR on thinking activity : Discuss the theme of 'Utilitarianism' with illustrations from the novel / or / discuss any other theme of your choice.

                      

Utilitarianism is a tradition of ethical philosophy that is associated with Jeremy Bentham (1747-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), two late 18th- and 19th-century British philosophers, economists, and political thinkers.

 1781, coined by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) from utility + -arian on the model of + unitarian, etc. One guided by the doctrine of the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

Jeremy Bentham was a philosopher, economist, jurist, and legal reformer and the founder of modern utilitarianism, an ethical theory holding that actions are morally right if they tend to promote happiness or pleasure (and morally wrong if they tend to promote unhappiness or pain) among all those affected by them.

 Theme of utillirianism with illustration 

The theme of utilitarianism is a central and often critical element in Charles Dickens' novel "Hard Times." Utilitarianism is an ethical and philosophical system that values the greatest good for the greatest number, often at the expense of individual happiness or well-being. In "Hard Times," Dickens explores the consequences of applying strict utilitarian principles to society, education, and personal relationships.

Utilitarianism in Education:

One of the most striking illustrations of utilitarianism in the novel is the educational system in the fictional town of Coketown. Thomas Gradgrind, a character who embodies utilitarian principles, believes in the importance of "facts" and "figures" above all else. He runs a school where children are taught to suppress their emotions and imagination, focusing solely on utilitarian subjects like mathematics and facts. This approach stifles creativity and individuality, as seen in the character of Louisa Gradgrind, who suffers greatly from this strict upbringing.

Utilitarianism in Industrialization:

Dickens also critiques the dehumanizing effects of utilitarianism on the industrial workforce. The relentless pursuit of profit and efficiency in Coketown leads to harsh working conditions, poverty, and the exploitation of laborers. The utilitarian philosophy of the industrialists prioritizes economic gain over the welfare of the workers, illustrating the negative consequences of unchecked utilitarianism on society.

Personal Relationships and Utilitarianism:

The characters in "Hard Times" also grapple with the impact of utilitarianism on their personal lives. For instance, the marriage between Louisa Gradgrind and Josiah Bounderby is arranged based on practical considerations and utilitarian principles, devoid of love or genuine emotional connection. This marriage becomes a symbol of the emptiness and unhappiness that can result from prioritizing utilitarian values over human emotions.

Rebellion Against Utilitarianism:

Throughout the novel, characters like Sissy Jupe and Stephen Blackpool represent a rebellion against utilitarianism. Sissy's compassionate and imaginative nature stands in contrast to the rigid utilitarianism taught at Gradgrind's school. Stephen Blackpool's struggle for a better life and his moral integrity highlight the flaws of the utilitarian system that oppresses the working class.

  In conclusion, "Hard Times" by Charles Dickens serves as a scathing critique of utilitarianism, illustrating its damaging effects on education, industrialization, personal relationships, and individual happiness. The novel encourages readers to question the excessive pursuit of utility and to recognize the importance of human emotions, compassion, and empathy in creating a more balanced and just society.

Utilitarianism in Education:  examples: 

here are five examples of utilitarianism in education, where the emphasis is placed on practicality, efficiency, and measurable outcomes over other educational considerations:

Standardized Testing: Many education systems heavily rely on standardized tests to measure student performance. These tests are seen as efficient tools for evaluating knowledge and skills, aligning with the utilitarian idea of quantifying educational outcomes. However, critics argue that they can narrow the curriculum and focus too much on test preparation.

Narrow Curriculum: Utilitarian approaches to education often prioritize subjects like mathematics and science, which are perceived as directly related to future job prospects. As a result, arts, humanities, and other subjects that may not have immediate practical applications are sometimes neglected or devalued.

Teacher Performance Metrics: Utilitarianism can lead to the implementation of teacher evaluation systems based on student test scores. This approach aims to hold educators accountable for their students' academic progress but can oversimplify the evaluation of a teacher's effectiveness and put undue pressure on educators.

Streamlined Learning: In some utilitarian education systems, there is an emphasis on delivering information efficiently. This can result in a focus on lecture-style teaching, where teachers transmit facts to students, potentially neglecting more interactive and student-centered approaches to learning.

Vocational Training: Utilitarianism in education often promotes vocational and technical training as it directly prepares students for specific job roles. While vocational education can be valuable, an overemphasis on this approach might limit students' exposure to a broader range of academic and creative subjects.

It's important to note that utilitarianism in education has its advantages, such as preparing students for the workforce and ensuring measurable outcomes. However, critics argue that it can sometimes lead to a one-size-fits-all approach that doesn't cater to individual learning styles and may neglect the development of critical thinking, creativity, and a well-rounded education. Balancing utilitarian principles with a holistic approach to education remains an ongoing challenge in many educational systems.

Utilitarianism is presented as an educational strategy, nominating at the forefront the principle of usefulness of education, positioning education as a means of achieving social and individual wellbeing.

Characteristics of Metaphysical Poetry:-

Metaphysical poetry occupies a unique place in the history of English poetry. A group of poets emerged in the beginning of the seventeenth century, in the age of Milton or Jacobean age which tried to write poetry in altogether different ways and their poetry came to be known as Metaphysical poetry.

It was Dr. Samuel Johnson who for the first time used the term ‘metaphysical poetry’ for the poetry of John Donne and his followers. Since Donne was the pioneer, it is known as the school of Donne or The School of Metaphysical Poetry. Dr. Samuel Johnson while giving introduction to the life of Abraham Cowley used the term metaphysical poetry to identify the poetry of Donne and his followers. The poets who followed the style of John Donne are: Richard Crashaw, George Hurbert, Abraham Cowley and Andrew Marvell. These are the main metaphysical poets.

When Dr. Johnson used the term metaphysical poetry, it was in a negative sense , to criticise the poetry of Donne and his followers. But with the passing of the time the tone of the term was changed and it became a term of appraisal, giving merit to the School of Donne.

Dr. Samuel Johnson highlights certain characteristics of metaphysical poetry.

The first characteristic is that all metaphysicals were the men of learning and scholarship by becoming scholarly in the writing of their poems. They wanted to distinguish themselves from the Elizabethan age and so they used difficult language in their poems.


According to Semual Johnson the poetry of Donne and his followers stood a trial of their finger but not a trial of their ears. The meaning is, they were scholars in the writing of poetry but there is no music or rhythm in the metaphysical poetry. All the metaphysicals were scholars and they could prove it but they could not prove that they loved music.


Far fetched images and conceits is the most remarkable feature of the metaphysical poetry. Those poets were not happy with the routine images used by the Elizabethans. They wanted to bring new images to distinguish themselves, and so they need their images from different field like biology, science, agriculture and engineering. Sometimes they depended upon geometry also to bring their images. And to use them for the writing of their poems. George Hurbert’s “Pulley” and Marvel’s poem with the best “ to His coy Mistress” are the best examples.


One critic Helen.C.White depends the metaphysical poets stating that:

“ It was the demand of time for Donne and his School to write poetry in a different way. Had they presented the theme of love and Christianity in the same manner, just like the Elizabethans, they would have been rejected by the readers. Change was the demand of time and they gave that change in their poetry.”

One more critic Helen Gardener mentions that :

“ Donne and his School changed the whole perspective of writing poetry. They wrote poems in a way in which it was not even imagined by others”

Frankenstein

 

Welcome readers ! This blog is written in response to the thinking activity given by megha ma'am - Department of English, MKBU. The topic of my blog is  Thinking activities in the question is 

Write a blog for movie reviews. 

1) Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, a 1994 science fiction horror film directed by Kenneth Branagh. 

    2) Pride & Prejudice, a 2005 romantic drama film directed by Joe Wright.

      Title:   "Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1994): A Dark and Ambitious Adaptation"

Introduction:

           Few literary works have left as lasting an impression on the horror genre as Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus." Since its publication in 1818, the tale of Victor Frankenstein and his monstrous creation has been retold countless times on both page and screen. In 1994, director Kenneth Branagh took on the daunting task of bringing this classic tale to life in "Mary Shelley's Frankenstein." In this review, we'll delve into the film's dark and ambitious portrayal of Shelley's iconic story.

A Faithful Rendition:

Branagh's adaptation of "Frankenstein" stays remarkably close to Mary Shelley's original novel, which should please purists and fans of the source material. The film follows the journey of Victor Frankenstein, a brilliant scientist consumed by the idea of defeating death itself. Victor's relentless pursuit of knowledge leads him to create a grotesque creature, portrayed by Robert De Niro, whose path of suffering and loneliness becomes a central focus of the narrative.

Branagh, who also plays the role of Victor Frankenstein, captures the character's obsessive nature and inner turmoil effectively. His portrayal emphasizes Victor's descent into madness as he grapples with the consequences of his scientific ambitions. De Niro, known for his range as an actor, delivers a memorable performance as the creature, evoking both sympathy and fear in the audience.

Dark and Atmospheric:

One of the film's standout qualities is its dark and atmospheric cinematography. Branagh's use of shadow and light creates an eerie ambiance that immerses viewers in the gloomy world of early 19th-century Europe. The gothic sensibilities of the film pay homage to the original novel's dark and brooding tone, making it a visually captivating experience.

Exploring Moral Dilemmas:

"Mary Shelley's Frankenstein" excels in exploring the moral and ethical dilemmas central to the novel. It delves into themes of scientific hubris, the consequences of playing God, and the isolation of the creature. The film does not shy away from the disturbing aspects of Shelley's story, emphasizing the horror and tragedy inherent in the tale.

Critics and Controversy:

While the film has its merits, it is not without its critics. Some argue that it strays too far from the source material in certain areas, taking creative liberties that may not sit well with die-hard fans of the novel. Additionally, the pacing of the film can be uneven, with moments of intense action followed by slower, more contemplative scenes.

Conclusion:

"Mary Shelley's Frankenstein" is a dark and ambitious adaptation of a literary classic that remains faithful to the original source material. Branagh's dedication to bringing Shelley's vision to life is evident, and the film offers a thought-provoking exploration of the moral and ethical dilemmas posed by scientific ambition. While not without its flaws, this adaptation is a must-watch for fans of the novel and those who appreciate a gothic and atmospheric take on the Frankenstein story. It stands as a testament to the enduring power of Mary Shelley's creation in the realm of cinema.

2) Pride & Prejudice, a 2005 romantic drama film directed by Joe Wright.

Title: "Pride & Prejudice (2005): A Timeless Love Story Brought to Life"

Introduction:

In the realm of classic literature, few tales are as enduring and beloved as Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice." This timeless story of love, class, and societal expectations has charmed readers for generations. In 2005, director Joe Wright took on the challenge of adapting this beloved novel to the silver screen in "Pride & Prejudice." In this review, we'll explore how Wright's film beautifully captures the essence of Austen's masterpiece and brings it to life for a new generation of viewers.

A Fresh Take on a Classic:

Wright's adaptation of "Pride & Prejudice" presents a fresh and vibrant take on Austen's novel. While maintaining the core elements of the story, the film infuses it with modern sensibilities and a youthful energy that keeps the narrative engaging and accessible. The English countryside, where much of the story unfolds, is portrayed in all its picturesque glory, transporting viewers to the early 19th-century world of manners and matrimony.

Outstanding Performances:

The film boasts a stellar cast, with Keira Knightley taking on the role of the spirited Elizabeth Bennet and Matthew Macfadyen as the enigmatic Mr. Darcy. Knightley's portrayal of Elizabeth is a highlight of the film, as she perfectly captures the character's wit, independence, and charm. Macfadyen's Mr. Darcy is brooding and mysterious, and his transformation over the course of the story is both subtle and satisfying.

The supporting cast, including Donald Sutherland, Brenda Blethyn, and Judi Dench, delivers strong performances that add depth and complexity to the characters surrounding the Bennet family. Their interactions and dynamics provide a rich backdrop to the central love story.

A Loyal Adaptation:

One of the film's strengths lies in its loyalty to Austen's novel. The script preserves Austen's sharp social commentary and clever dialogue, making it both authentic and engaging. Fans of the book will appreciate the attention to detail and the faithfulness to the source material.

Visual and Emotional Feast:

"Pride & Prejudice" is not just a treat for the ears but also a feast for the eyes. The film's period-accurate costumes and stunning cinematography create a visual tapestry that enhances the storytelling. The hauntingly beautiful soundtrack, composed by Dario Marianelli, perfectly complements the emotional journey of the characters, making it a standout element of the film.

Conclusion:

Joe Wright's "Pride & Prejudice" is a beautifully crafted adaptation of Jane Austen's timeless classic. It successfully captures the essence of the novel while adding a fresh and vibrant perspective that appeals to both devoted fans and newcomers. With outstanding performances, stunning visuals, and a faithful adherence to the source material, this film is a testament to the enduring power of Austen's story of love, pride, and prejudice. It remains a must-watch for anyone who appreciates a well-told love story set against the backdrop of a bygone era.

Welcome readers ! This blog is written in response to the thinking activity given by vaidaihi ma'am - Department of English, MKBU. The topic of my blog is  

Thinking activities in the question is 

If Pamela was in the contemporary time, will the story take any changes? 

      If Pamela, the protagonist of Samuel Richardson's 18th-century novel "Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded," were to exist in contemporary times, her story would undoubtedly undergo significant changes. The transformation of the narrative would be influenced by various factors, including shifts in societal norms, technological advancements, and changes in legal and cultural landscapes. Here are several key points outlining how Pamela's story would change in a contemporary setting:

Advancements in Communication Technology: 

In the 18th century, Pamela communicated with Mr. B primarily through handwritten letters, which allowed for a slow and secretive exchange of messages. In contemporary times, the story would incorporate modern communication tools such as smartphones, social media, and instant messaging. This shift would make it more challenging for Pamela and Mr. B to maintain secrecy, as digital messages leave traces and can be easily discovered by others.

Evolving Socioeconomic Status:

Pamela's socioeconomic background would likely differ in the contemporary era. In the 18th century, she was a lower-class servant, which contributed to her vulnerability and limited options. In contemporary times, Pamela could have a wider range of socioeconomic statuses, potentially including being an independent young woman with education and career prospects. This change would affect her decision-making and empowerment.

Shifting Societal Norms:

Contemporary society has different norms and values regarding relationships and gender roles compared to the 18th century. While virtue and chastity remain important, modern values emphasize consent, autonomy, and gender equality. Pamela's character would evolve to be not only virtuous but also assertive, emphasizing her right to make choices about her body and relationships.

Legal Framework and Support Systems: 

Pamela's access to legal resources and support systems would be vastly improved in contemporary times. In the 18th century, she had limited legal recourse and few support networks. In the modern era, she could seek legal protection against harassment, coercion, or stalking, such as obtaining restraining orders. There would be organizations, hotlines, and online communities dedicated to helping individuals facing abusive situations.

Awareness and Advocacy:

Contemporary society is more aware of and proactive against abusive behavior, especially in intimate relationships. Pamela's situation would likely trigger interventions from friends, family, or even bystanders who recognize signs of coercion or harassment. Supportive friends and allies would rally behind her, emphasizing the importance of speaking out against abuse. Additionally, Pamela might choose to share her story on social media or through a blog, turning her experience into a platform for advocacy and awareness.

Changes in Mr. B's Character:

In the contemporary context, Mr. B's character would undergo significant changes. His behavior, which might have been more tolerated or overlooked in the 18th century, would be viewed as unacceptable and potentially criminal. Mr. B's attempts to control and coerce Pamela would be seen as abusive, reflecting the modern focus on accountability for such actions. He might face legal consequences, including charges of harassment or assault, and experience severe damage to his reputation.

PublicResponse and Empowerment:

 Pamela's journey from vulnerability to empowerment would resonate with contemporary readers. Her story could become a symbol of resilience and triumph over coercion and abuse, reflecting the progress made in addressing these issues in the 21st century. The public response to her plight might include campaigns against abuse, support for survivors, and calls for change in societal attitudes.

Cultural Sensitivity and Inclusivity:

 A contemporary retelling of Pamela's story would likely be more sensitive to issues of diversity and inclusivity. The characters and setting could be more representative of a multicultural and inclusive society, addressing issues of race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and gender identity, thus reflecting the broader diversity of contemporary society.

Economic Independence and Empowerment:

Pamela's empowerment in the contemporary setting might be closely tied to her economic independence and career prospects. She could take actions to improve her financial situation, making choices based on her personal values and desires rather than solely for survival. This would emphasize the importance of economic empowerment for individuals facing coercion or abuse.

Role of Technology in Abuse:

The story might explore the role of technology in modern abuse, including cyberbullying, online harassment, and digital stalking. Pamela could face intrusive digital messages or threats, highlighting the challenges individuals face in maintaining their safety and privacy in the digital age.

 

   In summary, if Pamela were placed in contemporary times, her story would undergo a profound transformation influenced by advancements in communication technology, shifts in societal norms, changes in socioeconomic status, an improved legal framework, increased awareness and advocacy, alterations in Mr. B's character, and a more inclusive cultural perspective. This evolution would reflect the complexities and challenges faced by individuals dealing with issues of coercion, harassment, and abuse in the 21st century, ultimately emphasizing themes of empowerment and resilience in the face of adversity.